Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
| |||
|
| |||
| Emotions: A. philosophy of mind is usually defined by examples such as joy, fear, anger in order to distinguish it from other internal states. It is controversial whether emotions are triggered solely by external circumstances. See also sensations, perception, mental states, mind states, consciousness, stimuli, introspection, other minds.
B. In psychology, emotion is a complex, subjective experience characterized by physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and a cognitive appraisal. Emotions influence mood, motivate behavior, and play a crucial role in social interactions._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
| Author | Concept | Summary/Quotes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Psychological Theories on Emotions - Dictionary of Arguments
Corr I 54 Emotions/personality psychology/psychological theories/Reisenzein/Weber: there is widespread agreement among emotion researchers that the objects of their inquiry are, centrally, the transitory states of persons denoted by ordinary language words Corr I 55 such as ‘happiness’, ‘sadness’, ‘fear’, ‘anger’, ‘pity’, ‘pride’, ‘guilt’, and so forth. >Lexical hypothesis, >Lexical studies, >Personality traits, >Personality, >States of mind. There is also agreement that emotion episodes normally occur as reactions to the perception or imagination of ‘objects’ (typically events or states of affairs), and that they have both subjective and objective (intersubjectively observable) manifestations. Subjectively, emotions manifest themselves as pleasant or unpleasant feelings that seem to be directed at the eliciting, see Reisenzein 1994(1); Russell 2003(2)). >Intersubjectivity, >Other minds. Objectively, emotions manifest themselves, at least at times, in particular actions. Most classical and many contemporary emotion theorists, following common-sense psychology, identify emotions with the mentioned subjective experiences. However, some theorists (e.g., Lazarus 1991(3); Scherer 1984(4)) define emotions more broadly as response syndromes that include not only mental but also bodily components, such as facial expressions and physiological arousal. ReisenseinVsScherer/ReisenzeinVsLazarus: This definition of emotions is problematic, however, because the correlations between the mental and bodily components of emotion syndromes are typically low (Reisenzein 2007)(5). Today, the dominant theory of emotion generation is the cognitive or appraisal theory of emotion (e.g., Lazarus 1991(3); Ortony, Clore and Collins 1988(6); Scherer 2001(7); see Scherer, Schorr and Johnstone 2001(8), for an overview). Appraisal theory assumes that emotions arise if an event is appraised in a motive-relevant manner, that is, as representing an actual or potential fulfilment or frustration of a motive (= desire, wish). >Appraisal theory/psychological theories. (…) apart from cognitions in the narrow sense (i.e., beliefs), emotions also presuppose motives (Lazarus 1991(3); Roseman 1979(9); see Reisenzein 2006(10), for further discussion). 1. Reisenzein, R. 1994. Pleasure-arousal theory and the intensity of emotions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67: 525–39 2. Russell, J. A. 2003. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion, Psychological Review 110: 145–72 3. Lazarus, R. S. 1991. Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press 4. Scherer, K. R. 1984. On the nature and function of emotion: a component process approach, in K. R. Scherer and P. Ekman (eds.), Approaches to emotion, pp. 293–317. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum 5. Reisenzein, R. 2007. What is a definition of emotion? And are emotions mental-behavioural processes?, Social Science Information 46: 424–8 6. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L. and Collins, A. 1988. The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press 7. Scherer, K. R. 2001. Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking, in K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr and T. Johnstone (eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: theory, methods, research, pp. 92–120. Oxford University Press 8. Scherer, K. R., Schorr, A. and Johnstone, T. 2001. Appraisal processes in emotion: theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press 9. Roseman, I. J. 1979. Cognitive aspects of emotions and emotional behaviour. Paper presented at the 87th Annual Convention of the APA, New York City, September 1979 10. Reisenzein, R. 2006. Arnold’s theory of emotion in historical perspective, Cognition and Emotion 20: 920–51 Rainer Reisenzein & Hannelore Weber, “Personality and emotion”, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
||
> Counter arguments against Psychological Theories
> Counter arguments in relation to Emotions
